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Availability growth models and verification of power equipment

Jinyuan SHI, Jiamin XU

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第2期页码 529-538 doi: 10.1007/s11708-019-0624-0

摘要： The general availability growth models for large scale complicated repairable system such as electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are presented. The calculation formulas for the maintenance coefficient, mathematical expressions for general availability growth models, ways for estimating, and fitting on checking the parameters of the model are introduced. Availability growth models for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, and transmission and distribution installations are given together with verification examples for availability growth models of 320–1000 MW nuclear power units and 1000 MW thermal power units, 200–1000 MW power station auxiliaries, and 220–500 kV transmission and distribution installations. The verification results for operation availability data show that the maintenance coefficients for electric generating units, power station auxiliaries, transmission and distribution installations conform to the power function, and general availability growth models conform to rules of availability growth tendency of power equipment.

关键词： repairable system power equipment electric generating unit power station auxiliary transmission and distribution installation reliability availability availability growth model

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工程管理改革的成功实践——广州抽水蓄能电站建设经验探讨

罗绍基

《中国工程科学》 2000年第2卷第11期页码 52-59

摘要：

装机容量为240×10⁴kW的广州抽水蓄能电站（简称广蓄电站）已于今年3月全部建成投产，它是当今世界上装机规模最大的抽水蓄能电站。文章结合广蓄电站建设管理改革的成功实践，从管理体制、建设管理，运行管理和经营管理四个方面对管理改革进行了论述。由于管理改革的成功实践，使得电站建设取得了投资省、速度快、质量好、效益髙、环境美的成果。

关键词：抽水蓄能电站管理改革

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QLY2150型风电专用轮胎式动臂吊机研制与实践

黄耀怡,张志华,景海州,代宇

《中国工程科学》 2010年第12卷第11期页码 105-112

摘要：

简要介绍国内外风力发电建设的形势和我国对风电建设的最新发展规划，详细介绍基于上述形势而提出的QLY2150型风电安装专用轮胎式动臂吊机研制项目的总体方案、关键技术、创新点和实施细则。最后介绍样机投入风电场实际使用的情况，指出该新型吊机相对于通用轮胎式、汽车式和履带式吊机的优势所在。

关键词：风电专用吊机新型研制应用

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国际固体氧化物燃料电池堆及系统

苏巴辛格尔

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第2期页码 7-14

摘要：

为了实现固体氧化物燃料电池（SOFC）的广泛应用，世界上许多公司正在致力于SOFC的开发、制造和商业化研究。本文回顾和讨论了SOFC领域的相关发展现状。

关键词： SOFC SOFC电池堆管式电池热电联供辅助动力单元

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建设中的田湾核电站——正在冉冉升起的东方明珠

null

《中国工程科学》 2002年第4卷第2期页码 92-93

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三峡工程电站设计

周述达,谢红兵

《中国工程科学》 2011年第13卷第7期页码 78-84

摘要：

利用物理模型和数值模拟技术，系统研究了三峡电站布置、排沙及排漂措施、进水口形式、机组蜗壳埋设方式，以及地下电站洞室群布置、块体加固等技术问题。研究表明，三峡电站采用两岸坝后厂房+右岸地下厂房的布置及单孔小孔口进水口体型技术经济最优，采用分散排沙和排漂孔可较好解决电站的泥沙和漂污问题，蜗壳采用保温保压、垫层及组合埋设技术均可保证机组稳定运行，采用新型变顶高尾水洞优于设置尾水调压室。同时提出了与蜗壳埋设方式相关的技术标准，并对大型不利块体的加固进行了探讨，提出了利用阻滑键及结构面法向压应力加固块体的新思路。

关键词：三峡电站布置排沙排漂蜗壳埋设浅埋块体加固

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The “Tiangong” Chinese Space Station project

Yang HONG

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第2期页码 278-283 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2018202

关键词： manned space station space station project basic design

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中国先进半导体材料及辅助材料发展战略研究

“先进半导体材料及辅助材料”编写组

《中国工程科学》 2020年第22卷第5期页码 10-19 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2020.05.002

摘要：

目前，以SiC、GaN为代表的第三代半导体材料快速发展，我国亟需抓住战略机遇期，实现先进半导体材料、辅助材料的自主可控，保障相关工业体系安全。本文在分析全球半导体材料及辅助材料研发与产业发展现状的基础上，寻找差距，结合我国现实情况，提出了构建半导体材料及辅助材料体系化发展、上下游协同发展和可持续发展的发展思路，制定了面向2025年和2035年的发展目标。为推动我国先进半导体材料及辅助材料产业发展，提出了建设集成电路关键材料及装备自主可控工程，SiC和GaN半导体材料、辅助材料、工艺及装备验证平台，先进半导体材料在第五代移动通信技术、能源互联网及新能源汽车领域的应用示范工程，并对如何开展三项工程进行了需求分析，设置了具体的工程目标和工程任务。最后，为推动半导体产业的创新发展，从坚持政策推动，企业和机构主导，整合国内优势资源；把握“超越摩尔”的历史机遇，布局下一代集成电路技术；构建创新链，进行创新生态建设等方面提出了对策建议。

关键词：先进半导体材料辅助材料第三代半导体 2035

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Comparison of shallow tunneling method with pile and rib method for construction of subway station in

Sina AMIRI; Ali Naghi DEHGHAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第6期页码 704-717 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0746-4

摘要： In the present study, a comparison between the new shallow tunneling method (STM) and the traditional pile and rib method (PRM) was conducted to excavate and construct subway stations in the geological conditions of Tehran. First, by selecting Station Z6 located in the Tehran Subway Line 6 as a case study, the construction process was analyzed by PRM. The maximum ground settlement of 29.84 mm obtained from this method was related to the station axis, and it was within the allowable settlement limit of 30 mm. The acceptable agreement between the results of numerical modeling and instrumentation data indicated the confirmation and accuracy of the excavation and construction process of Station Z6 by PRM. In the next stage, based on the numerical model validated by instrumentation data, the value of the ground surface settlement was investigated during the station excavation and construction by STM. The results obtained from STM showed a significant reduction in the ground surface settlement compared to PRM. The maximum settlement obtained from STM was 6.09 mm as related to the front of the excavation face. Also, the sensitivity analysis results denoted that in addition to controlling the surface settlement by STM, it is possible to optimize some critical geometric parameters of the support system during the station excavation and construction.

关键词： shallow tunneling method pile and rib method ground surface settlement subway station construction numerical modeling

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二滩水电站——本世纪建成的我国最大的水电站

黄新生

《中国工程科学》 1999年第1卷第1期页码 86-86

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Understanding the demand predictability of bike share systems: A station-level analysis

《工程管理前沿（英文）》页码 551-565 doi: 10.1007/s42524-023-0279-8

摘要： Predicting demand for bike share systems (BSSs) is critical for both the management of an existing BSS and the planning for a new BSS. While researchers have mainly focused on improving prediction accuracy and analysing demand-influencing factors, there are few studies examining the inherent randomness of stations’ observed demands and to what degree the demands at individual stations are predictable. Using Divvy bike-share one-year data from Chicago, USA, we measured demand entropy and quantified the station-level predictability. Additionally, to verify that these predictability measures could represent the performance of prediction models, we implemented two commonly used demand prediction models to compare the empirical prediction accuracy with the calculated entropy and predictability. Furthermore, we explored how city- and system-specific temporally-constant features would impact entropy and predictability to inform estimating these measures when historical demand data are unavailable. Our results show that entropy of demands across stations is polarized as some stations exhibit high uncertainty (a low entropy of 0.65) and others have almost no check-out demand uncertainty (a high entropy of around 1.0). We also validated that the entropy and predictability are a priori model-free indicators for prediction error, given a sequence of bike usage demands. Lastly, we identified that key factors contributing to station-level entropy and predictability include per capita income, spatial eccentricity, and the number of parking lots near the station. Findings from this study provide more fundamental understanding of BSS demand prediction, which can help decision makers and system operators anticipate diverse station-level prediction errors from their prediction models both for existing stations and for new ones.

关键词： bike share systems demand prediction prediction errors machine learning entropy

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Seismic responses of subway station with different distributions of soft soil in Tianjin

Dejian YANG,Meiling DUAN

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2014年第8卷第2期页码 187-193 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0252-z

摘要： In connection with the practical project of Kunming Road station of Tianjin subway Line 3, the paper established a two-dimensional finite element model with visco-elastic boundary by using ANSYS and analyzed seismic responses of subway station with different distribution of soft soil. The nonlinear dynamic properties of soft soils are modeled by the KINH. And obtain the response rules about displacement and internal force on subway station in the general field soil and five different distributions of soft soil. Provide reference for improving the seismic performance of subway stations in Tianjin soft soil.

关键词： distribution of soft soil soft soil in Tianjin seismic response ANSYS

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Technology improvements and management innovations in construction of Xiluodu hydropower station on Jinsha

Qixiang FAN

《工程管理前沿（英文）》 2017年第4卷第2期页码 231-237 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2017103

摘要： Hongtao ZHOU, Hongwei WANG, Wei ZENG. [J]. Front. Eng, 2018, 5(1): 78-87.Peter REDFERN, Hua ZHONG. [J]. Front. Eng, 2017, 4(2): 193-200.Ming-zhou Liu,Cong-hu Liu,Mao-gen Ge,Yuan Zhang,Qing-hua Zhu. [J]. Front. Eng, 2016, 3(2): 144-146.Chong-guang Feng,Hao Hu,Feng Xu,Jian Yang. [J]. Front. Eng, 2015, 2(2): 178-181.Yu Zhao,Sheng-quan Wang,Ke-chao Zhu. [J]. Front. Eng, 2015, 2(1): 35-38.Ru-gui Chen,Jia-meng Chen. [J]. Front. Eng, 2014, 1(1): 52-61.An Wang. [J]. Front. Eng, 2014, 1(1): 13-17.

关键词： super-high arch dam intelligent construction mass concrete temperature control structure behavior control anti-erosion concrete low-heat portland cement large-discharge and high-velocity spillway tunnels large scale underground powerhouse green hydropower station sustainable development Xiluodu hydropower station

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Design of a shaking table test box for a subway station structure in soft soil

YANG Linde, ZHENG Yonglai, ZHANG Dongliang, JI Qianqian, YANG Chao

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第2期页码 194-197 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0022-2

摘要： A reasonable choice of structure of a model box is significant for a shaking table test to be successful in geotechnical engineering. A model box has been designed for the shaking table test of a subway station structure in the soft soil of Shanghai in the paper. The reasonable geometric similarity scale of the subway station structure has been determined by a 3-D dynamic analysis under the action of lateral equivalent static loading. The shape, size and structure of the model box are chosen by considering all the involved factors comprehensively. The shape of the box is similar to that of a typical station structure, and the ratio between the plane dimension of the model ground and that of the model structure is big enough to reduce the influence of boundary condition effectively. The structure is strong enough to avoid being demolished by shaking during a test. The contact conditions between the model soil and box are clear to help the data gained from the test well fit that from numerical analysis. The total weight of the model soil and box is less than the bearing capacity of the shaking table apparatus and there is no resonance between the model soil and box. The results show that the model box can be used to simulate the dynamic response of a subway station structure very well, so it provides a firm foundation for the success of the shaking table test of a subway station structure.

关键词： geotechnical engineering numerical analysis weight dynamic analysis Shanghai

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核电站核安全相关结构基于性能指标的抗震概率设计评估方法探究

陈矛,卢实

《中国工程科学》 2013年第15卷第4期页码 57-61

摘要：

本文介绍了美国核电站基于性能指标的核安全相关抗震概率设计方法（performance-based method，PBM）的发展，较为系统地对PBM方法进行了阐述和讨论。在目前的研究成果和现有的规范标准归纳和总结的基础上，阐明了PBM的主要内容，其中包括：根据不同的性能要求对系统、结构和部件进行分级；确定系统、结构或部件的性能要求指标；确定基于概率地震危害性评价（PSHA）的地震动输入；系统、结构或部件概率极限值（fragility）计算；保证系统、结构或部件概率极限值有足够的裕度，以达到规定的性能指标5个方面。对PBM的进一步研究和发展提出了建议。

关键词：核电厂核安全系统、结构及部件基于性能抗震概率极限值